Kaolin yog ib hom av nplaum thiab pob zeb av nplaum uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov av nplaum kaolinite. Vim nws dawb thiab zoo li mos, nws kuj hu ua av Baiyun. Nws tau muab lub npe rau lub zos Gaoling hauv Jingdezhen, Jiangxi xeev.

Nws cov kaolin dawb huv yog dawb, mos, thiab mos hauv cov qauv, nrog rau cov khoom zoo thiab tshuaj lom neeg xws li plasticity thiab hluav taws tsis kam. Nws cov khoom siv hauv av feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, nrog rau cov zaub mov xws li quartz thiab feldspar. Kaolin muaj ntau yam kev siv, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev ua ntawv, ceramics, thiab cov ntaub ntawv refractory, ua raws li cov txheej txheem, roj hmab fillers, enamel glazes, thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw cement dawb. Hauv qhov ntau me me, nws yog siv rau hauv yas, xim, pigments, sib tsoo log, cwj mem, tshuaj pleev ib ce txhua hnub, xab npum, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj, textiles, roj av, tshuaj lom neeg, cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho, kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem
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Qhov dawb yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntawm kaolin, thiab cov kaolin ntshiab siab yog dawb. Qhov dawb ntawm kaolin yog muab faib ua qhov dawb ntuj thiab qhov dawb calcined. Rau cov khoom siv ceramic raw, qhov dawb tom qab calcination tseem ceeb dua, thiab qhov siab dua qhov dawb calcined, qhov zoo dua. Cov txheej txheem ceramic hais tias ziab ntawm 105 ℃ yog tus qauv qib rau qhov dawb ntuj, thiab calcining ntawm 1300 ℃ yog tus qauv qib rau qhov dawb calcined. Qhov dawb tuaj yeem ntsuas tau siv lub ntsuas dawb. Lub ntsuas dawb ntsuas qhov ci ntawm 3800-7000Å Ib lub cuab yeej rau ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb ntawm qhov wavelength ntawm (piv txwv li, 1 angstrom = 0.1 nanometers). Hauv lub ntsuas dawb, qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv kuaj raug piv rau cov qauv txheem (xws li BaSO4, MgO, thiab lwm yam), ua rau muaj tus nqi dawb (xws li dawb ntawm 90, uas yog sib npaug rau 90% ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv txheem).

Qhov kaj yog ib yam khoom zoo ib yam li qhov dawb, sib npaug rau 4570Å Qhov dawb nyob rau hauv (angstrom) wavelength lub teeb irradiation.

Cov xim ntawm kaolin feem ntau yog cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau oxides lossis cov organic teeb meem uas nws muaj. Feem ntau muaj Fe2O3, nws zoo li liab liab thiab xim av daj; Muaj Fe2+, nws zoo li xiav thiab ntsuab daj; Muaj MnO2, nws zoo li xim av daj; Yog tias nws muaj cov organic teeb meem, nws zoo li daj daj, grey, xiav, dub thiab lwm yam xim. Cov khoom tsis huv no muaj nyob, txo qhov dawb ntawm kaolin. Ntawm lawv, hlau thiab titanium minerals kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov dawb calcined, ua rau muaj xim lossis yaj cov qhov txhab ntawm porcelain.

Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me uas muab tais tau
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom me me yog hais txog qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom me me hauv kaolin ntuj hauv ib qho kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom me me sib txawv (qhia hauv millimeters lossis micrometer mesh), qhia hauv feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm kaolin yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv thiab kev siv cov ores. Nws qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau nws cov yas, av nplaum viscosity, ion pauv peev xwm, kev ua haujlwm, kev ua kom qhuav, thiab kev ua haujlwm tua hluav taws. Kaolin ore xav tau kev ua haujlwm, thiab seb nws puas yooj yim rau kev ua tiav rau qhov xav tau fineness tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov qauv rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov ore. Txhua lub chaw haujlwm kev lag luam muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me thiab fineness ntawm kaolin rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Yog tias Tebchaws Meskas xav kom kaolin siv ua txheej kom tsawg dua 2 μ Cov ntsiab lus ntawm m suav rau 90-95%, thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau ntawv tsawg dua 2 μ M suav rau 78-80%.

Kev khi ua ke
Kev nplaum yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm kaolin los sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv tsis yog yas los ua cov av nkos yas thiab muaj qee qib ntawm lub zog ziab. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub peev xwm khi yog ntxiv cov xuab zeb quartz txheem (nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm 0.25-0.15 qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me suav txog 70% thiab 0.15-0.09 hli qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me suav txog 30%) rau kaolin. Kev txiav txim siab nws qhov siab raws li nws cov xuab zeb siab tshaj plaws thaum tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau cov av nplaum yas thiab nws lub zog flexural tom qab ziab, ntau xuab zeb ntxiv, qhov muaj zog ntawm kaolin no muaj peev xwm khi. Feem ntau, kaolin nrog lub zog plasticity kuj muaj peev xwm khi zoo.

Cov nplaum uas quav tau
Viscosity yog hais txog ib yam ntxwv ntawm cov kua dej uas cuam tshuam nws cov dej ntws vim muaj kev sib txhuam sab hauv. Nws qhov loj (ua rau 1 chav ntawm kev sib txhuam sab hauv) yog sawv cev los ntawm viscosity, hauv cov chav ntawm Pa · s. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm viscosity feem ntau ntsuas siv lub rotational viscometer, uas ntsuas qhov ceev tig hauv kaolin av nkos uas muaj 70% cov khoom khov. Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, viscosity yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ceramic, tab sis kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev lag luam papermaking. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, thaum siv kaolin ua ib txheej hauv cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws, viscosity yuav tsum yog li 0.5 Pa · s rau txheej ceev qis thiab tsawg dua 1.5 Pa · s rau txheej ceev siab.

Thixotropy yog hais txog cov yam ntxwv uas cov slurry uas tau thickened ua gel thiab tsis ntws lawm ua kua tom qab raug kev nyuaj siab, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam thickened mus rau hauv lub xeev qub tom qab tsis hloov pauv. Cov coefficient thickness yog siv los sawv cev rau nws qhov loj me, thiab nws yog ntsuas siv lub viscometer tawm thiab capillary viscometer.

Qhov viscosity thiab thixotropy muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hauv av, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me, thiab hom cation hauv cov av nkos. Feem ntau, cov uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm montmorillonite, cov khoom me me, thiab sodium ua lub ntsiab cation pauv tau muaj viscosity siab thiab cov coefficient thickening. Yog li ntawd, hauv cov txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem xws li ntxiv cov av nplaum yas heev thiab txhim kho qhov zoo feem ntau siv los txhim kho nws cov viscosity thiab thixotropy, thaum cov txheej txheem xws li nce diluted electrolyte thiab cov dej ntsiab lus siv los txo nws.