Graphite yog ib qho allotrope ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, qhov twg txhua cov pa roj carbon atom nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm peb lwm cov pa roj carbon atoms (tso nyob rau hauv ib lub honeycomb zoo li cov qauv nrog ntau hexagons) uas yog covalently bonded los tsim covalent molecules.

Graphite muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv qab no vim nws cov qauv tshwj xeeb:

1) Kub kub tsis kam: Lub melting point ntawm graphite yog 3850 ± 50 ℃, thiab boiling point yog 4250 ℃.Txawm tias tom qab raug kub hnyiab los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias arc, qhov poob qis yog me me, thiab cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion kuj me me heev.Lub zog ntawm graphite nce nrog kub, thiab ntawm 2000 ℃, lub zog ntawm graphite ob npaug.

2) Conductivity thiab thermal conductivity: Lub conductivity ntawm graphite yog ib puas lub sij hawm siab tshaj ntawm cov minerals uas tsis yog-hlau.Cov thermal conductivity tshaj cov khoom siv hlau xws li hlau, hlau, thiab txhuas.Lub thermal conductivity txo qis nrog qhov kub thiab txias, thiab txawm tias qhov kub siab heev, graphite ua ib qho insulator.Graphite tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob vim tias txhua cov pa roj carbon atom hauv graphite tsuas yog tsim peb daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm cov pa roj carbon atoms, thiab txhua cov pa roj carbon atom tseem khaws ib qho hluav taws xob dawb los hloov cov nqi.

3) Lubricity: Lub lubrication kev ua tau zoo ntawm graphite nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm graphite flakes.Qhov loj ntawm cov flakes, qhov me me ntawm kev sib txhuam coefficient, thiab qhov zoo ntawm lubrication kev ua tau zoo.

4) Chemical stability: Graphite muaj cov tshuaj zoo ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus acid, alkali, thiab organic hnyav corrosion.

5) Plasticity: Graphite muaj qhov toughness zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov ntawv nyias nyias.

6) Thermal shock resistance: Graphite tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias hloov yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thaum siv hauv chav sov.Thaum qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, qhov ntim ntawm graphite tsis hloov ntau thiab yuav tsis tawg.

Kev siv:
1. Siv los ua cov khoom siv refractory: Graphite thiab nws cov khoom muaj cov khoom ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam thiab siab zog.Lawv tsuas yog siv hauv kev lag luam metallurgical los tsim cov graphite crucibles.Hauv steelmaking, graphite feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv rau steel ingots thiab ua ib lub hauv ob sab phlu rau metallurgical furnaces.

2. Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: siv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov txhuam hniav, cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cov electrodes zoo rau cov mercury rectifiers, graphite gaskets, xov tooj qhov chaw, coatings rau TV raj, thiab lwm yam.

3. Raws li cov khoom hnav-resistant lubricating: Graphite feem ntau yog siv los ua cov roj nplua nyeem hauv kev lag luam.Lubricating roj feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem siv nyob rau hauv kev kub ceev, kev kub ceev, thiab kev kub siab, thaum graphite hnav-resistant cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj roj lubricating ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 200-2000 ℃.Ntau yam khoom siv uas thauj cov xov xwm corrosive dav siv cov khoom siv graphite los ua khob piston, sealing rings, thiab bearings, uas tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov roj lubricating thaum ua haujlwm.Graphite emulsion kuj yog cov roj nplua nyeem zoo rau ntau cov hlau ua haujlwm (xov hlau, kos duab raj).
4. Graphite muaj tshuaj ruaj khov zoo.Tshwj xeeb ua tiav graphite, nrog cov yam ntxwv xws li corrosion kuj, zoo thermal conductivity, thiab tsis tshua muaj permeability, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov tshav kub exchangers, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tank, condensers, combustion towers, nqus yees, coolers, heaters, lim, thiab twj tso kua mis khoom.Kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam xws li petrochemicals, hydrometallurgy, acid-base ntau lawm, hluavtaws fibers, thiab papermaking, nws tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau cov ntaub ntawv hlau.

Ntau yam ntawm impermeable graphite sib txawv hauv corrosion kuj vim muaj cov resins sib txawv.Phenolic resin impregnators yog acid resistant tab sis tsis alkali resistant;Furfuryl cawv resin impregnators yog ob qho tib si acid thiab alkali resistant.Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm ntau hom kuj txawv: carbon thiab graphite tuaj yeem tiv taus 2000-3000 ℃ hauv qhov chaw txo qis, thiab pib oxidize ntawm 350 ℃ thiab 400 ℃ hauv qhov chaw oxidizing, feem;Ntau yam ntawm impermeable graphite sib txawv nrog tus neeg sawv cev impregnating, thiab feem ntau nws yog kub-resistant rau hauv qab 180 ℃ los ntawm impregnating nrog phenolic lossis furfuryl cawv.

5. Siv rau casting, xuab zeb tig, molding, thiab high-temperature metallurgical cov ntaub ntawv: Vim lub me coefficient ntawm thermal expansion ntawm graphite thiab nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov kev hloov ntawm ceev ceev txias thiab cua sov, nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug pwm rau iav.Tom qab siv graphite, cov hlau dub tuaj yeem tau txais cov castings nrog qhov ntev, du nto, thiab siab yield.Nws tuaj yeem siv yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm me ntsis, yog li txuag nyiaj ntau ntawm cov hlau.Hmoov metallurgy cov txheej txheem xws li tsim cov alloys nyuaj feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv graphite los ua cov nkoj ceramic rau nias thiab sintering.Cov siv lead ua kev loj hlob crucible, lub regional refining thawv, txhawb fixture, induction rhaub, thiab lwm yam ntawm monocrystalline silicon yog tag nrho cov txheej txheem los ntawm high-purity graphite.Tsis tas li ntawd, graphite kuj tseem siv tau los ua graphite rwb thaiv tsev board thiab lub hauv paus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev smelting, nrog rau cov khoom xws li kub-kub rauv rauv, pas nrig, daim hlau, thiab daim phiaj.

6. Siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam atomic zog thiab kev lag luam tiv thaiv lub teb chaws: Graphite muaj zoo heev neutron moderators siv nyob rau hauv atomic reactors, thiab uranium graphite reactors yog ib tug dav siv hom atomic reactor.Cov khoom siv deceleration siv nyob rau hauv atomic reactors rau lub hwj chim yuav tsum muaj siab melting point, stability, thiab corrosion kuj, thiab graphite tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau saum toj no.Qhov kev xav tau purity rau graphite siv hauv atomic reactors yog siab heev, thiab cov ntsiab lus impurity yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj kaum ob ntawm PPMs.Tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus boron yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.5PPM.Hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, graphite kuj tseem siv los tsim cov nozzles rau cov roj foob pob hluav taws, lub qhov ntswg cones rau cov cuaj luaj, cov khoom siv rau qhov chaw navigation, cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

7. Graphite kuj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv boiler scaling.Cov kev ntsuam xyuas hauv chav ntsuas tau pom tias ntxiv qee qhov nyiaj ntawm graphite hmoov (kwv yees li 4-5 grams ib tuj dej) rau cov dej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov kub hnyiab.Tsis tas li ntawd, graphite txheej ntawm cov hlau chimneys, ru tsev, txuas hniav, thiab cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv corrosion thiab xeb.

Graphite tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xaum xaum, xim, thiab polishing tus neeg sawv cev.Tom qab kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, graphite tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom lag luam uas cuam tshuam.