Hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj thoob ntiaj teb, kev nrhiav kev ua haujlwm drilling zoo yog ib qho kev siv zog tas mus li, nrog rau cov kua drilling zoo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm qhov dej ruaj khov, txias cov khoom siv drilling, thiab thauj cov txiav mus rau saum npoo. Hmoov Bentonite, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sodium-based bentonite uas muaj ntau hauv montmorillonite, tau tshwm sim ua cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv cov kua drilling. Nws lub peev xwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm dej-o, thixotropic cov yam ntxwv, thiab lub peev xwm los tsim cov khoom siv lim dej ntom ntom, qis-permeability ua rau nws tsis tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm drilling niaj hnub.

Rau kev khawb qhov tob tob, qhov twg qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov av tuaj yeem nce mus txog 150-200 ° C thiab siab tshaj 30 MPa, qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov kua dej khawb av ua rau muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Cov kua dej khawb av ib txwm feem ntau tsis ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav no, tab sis cov hmoov sodium-based bentonite sawv tawm rau nws cov khoom zoo heev rheological. Hauv ib qho chaw ua roj loj hauv Middle East, kev sim sib piv tau qhia txog qhov zoo dua ntawm cov kua dej khawb av uas muaj peb cov hmoov sodium-based bentonite. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov ceev ntawm kev khawb av nce ntxiv 18%, thiab tus lej ntawm cov xwm txheej tawg ntawm qhov dej tau txo qis 70% piv rau cov khoom siv av nplaum ib txwm muaj. Qhov kev vam meej no tuaj yeem yog vim montmorillonite hauv cov hmoov bentonite, uas tsim cov khoom siv lim dej sib xws, feem ntau yog 1-3 hli tuab, ntawm phab ntsa qhov dej. Cov khoom siv lim dej no txo ​​cov kua dej poob rau hauv cov qauv, nrog cov nqi lim dej poob ≤10 mL / 30 feeb nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej API tus qauv, yog li tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv.

Ntxiv rau sodium-based bentonite, peb cov khoom lag luam suav nrog calcium-based bentonite hmoov, uas zoo rau kev khawb qhov dej ntiav thiab cov dej qab zib. Thaum calcium-based bentonite muaj peev xwm qis dua piv rau nws cov sodium-based counterpart, nws muab kev siv nyiaj zoo dua. Thaum kho nrog sodium carbonate, ib qho activator, calcium-based bentonite tuaj yeem hloov mus ua sodium-calcium mixed bentonite. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov bentonite sib xyaw no zoo ib yam li cov sodium-based bentonite ntuj, ua rau nws haum rau kev ua haujlwm drilling nruab nrab, feem ntau yog txij li 1000 txog 3000 meters.

Kev tswj xyuas zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb txoj kev tsim cov hmoov bentonite rau cov kua dej drilling. Peb cov khoom ua raws li cov qauv nruj, nrog rau cov cim qhia tseem ceeb ua tau raws li API Spec 13A cov kev cai. Cov qauv no qhia txog cov ntsiab lus montmorillonite ntawm ≥80%, cov dej noo ntawm ≤12%, cov xuab zeb ntawm ≤2%, thiab cov seem 325-mesh sieve ntawm ≤0.5%. Txhua pawg khoom raug kuaj xyuas zoo hauv peb lub chaw kuaj mob rau viscosity, lim poob, thiab o, thiab daim ntawv qhia kev tshuaj xyuas zoo tau muab rau peb cov neeg siv khoom.

Yuav kom tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom roj thiab roj thoob ntiaj teb, peb muab cov kev daws teeb meem hmoov bentonite uas tsim tshwj xeeb. Rau cov haujlwm drilling hauv hiav txwv uas siv dej hiav txwv, uas muaj salinity siab, peb hloov kho qhov chaw ntawm hmoov bentonite nrog cov ntsev quaternary ammonium. Qhov kev hloov kho no txhim kho qhov kev kam rau ntsev ntawm cov hmoov bentonite, kom ntseeg tau tias cov kua drilling tswj tau qhov ruaj khov thiab kev poob lim tsawg, txawm tias nyob hauv dej hiav txwv nrog salinity ntawm 35‰. Hauv cov chaw drilling hauv thaj chaw txias, qhov twg qhov kub hauv qhov downhole tuaj yeem poob rau ≤0 ° C, peb ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev khov rau cov hmoov bentonite. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov kua drilling los ntawm kev khov thiab ua kom nws cov kev ncig ib txwm muaj, ua rau kev ua haujlwm drilling txuas ntxiv thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Hais txog kev thauj mus los, peb muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav ntawm peb cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los. Peb cov hmoov bentonite tau ntim rau hauv cov hnab tiv thaiv dej noo thiab tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke, feem ntau yog 25 kg txhua lub, nrog rau ib zaj duab xis polyethylene sab hauv thiab ib lub hnab ntawv kraft sab nraud uas muaj txheej tiv thaiv dej. Cov ntim khoom no tiv thaiv cov hmoov bentonite los ntawm kev nqus dej noo thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv ntev. Peb tau tsim kev koom tes zoo nrog cov tuam txhab xa khoom xws li Maersk thiab CMA CGM, kom ntseeg tau tias peb cov khoom tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj hauv Middle East, Africa, thiab North America hauv 20-35 hnub.