Hauv cov khw muag khaub ncaws, cov dej noo thiab cov plua plav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov khoom muag. Cov dej noo ntau dhau hauv huab cua tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw rau pwm thiab pwm, ua rau muaj cov xim tsis zoo nkauj thiab cov ntxhiab tsw tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub khaub ncaws. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov khaub ncaws tsis zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom xwb tab sis kuj ua rau lawv cov qauv tsis zoo, ua rau lawv yooj yim dua thiab puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej noo ntau tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub nqus cov dej noo, ua rau nws me me lossis ncab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khaub ncaws tsis haum thiab hnav tsis tau.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov av noo rau cov ntaub sib txawv sib txawv heev. Piv txwv li, cov xov ntuj xws li paj rwb thiab ntaub linen nqus tau dej zoo heev, thiab kev raug dej noo ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau lawv qaug zog, poob lawv cov duab thiab yooj yim tawg. Txhob lo lo ntxhuav, ib daim ntaub mos mos thiab zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yooj yim raug dej noo, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov xim daj thiab poob nws cov yam ntxwv ci. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov plaub mos mos tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv ntxhib thiab txawm tias lwj hauv cov huab cua noo heev.

Hmoov av, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim hauv cov khw muag khoom, vim nws tuaj yeem yooj yim sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khaub ncaws, ua rau lawv zoo li qias neeg thiab tsis zoo nkauj. Kev ntxuav ntau zaus kom tshem tawm cov hmoov av kuj tuaj yeem siv sijhawm thiab kim, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub mos mos xws li txhob lo lo ntxhuav, lace, lossis wool puas tsuaj. Cov hmoov av me me tuaj yeem ua rau khaus, khawb cov ntaub ntawm lub sijhawm thiab txo lawv lub neej. Hauv cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj nrog cov hlaws dai, sequins, lossis paj ntaub, hmoov av tuaj yeem ntes tau hauv cov ntsiab lus nyuaj, ua rau lawv tsis zoo nkauj thiab tsis zoo nkauj.

Thaum muab cov cib ntsev tso rau hauv cov khaub ncaws kom zoo, nws ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus los ntawm kev nqus cov dej noo ntau dhau los ntawm huab cua. Ntshav yog ib yam khoom hygroscopic ntuj, uas txhais tau tias nws muaj peev xwm nyiam thiab tuav cov dej molecules. Yog li ntawd, cov cib ntsev tuaj yeem txo cov dej noo hauv ib puag ncig, tsim kom muaj huab cua qhuav thiab ruaj khov uas zoo rau kev khaws cia qhov zoo ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm pwm thiab mildew tab sis kuj tseem ua rau cov ntaub tshiab thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab, ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tseem nyiam cov neeg siv khoom.

Qhov kev tshawb fawb tom qab ntsev cov khoom hygroscopic yog nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv ionic. Sodium thiab chloride ions ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb ntsev nyiam cov dej molecules los ntawm electrostatic forces, ib qho txheej txheem hu ua adsorption. Thaum lub pob zeb ntsev nqus cov dej noo, nws maj mam yaj, ib qho xwm txheej hu ua deliquescence. Cov txheej txheem ntuj no ua rau cov pob zeb ntsev ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem tus kheej rau kev tswj cov dej noo.

Ntxiv mus, cov cib ntsev ua haujlwm ua cov cuab yeej ntes plua plav ntuj, ntes cov hmoov av me me thiab txo cov hmoov av sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Cov qauv ntxhib ntawm cov cib ntsev muab ib qho chaw rau cov hmoov av lo rau, tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob lo rau ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Yog li ntawd, qhov xav tau kev ntxuav ntau zaus txo qis, txuag cov khw muag khoom lub sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag, thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub tau tiv thaiv zoo dua. Qhov chaw tsis sib xws ntawm cov cib ntsev tsim ib thaj chaw loj, ua rau muaj feem ntau ntawm cov hmoov av los kov thiab lo rau ntawm lub cib.

Yuav kom piav qhia ntxiv txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov cib ntsev, xav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub khw muag khaub ncaws zoo nkauj hauv lub nroog ntug dej hiav txwv. Ua ntej siv cov cib ntsev, lub khw tau ntsib teeb meem ntau zaus nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov pwm ntawm cov khaub ncaws silk thiab cov sweaters cashmere. Cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tau kis mus thoob plaws uas nws cuam tshuam rau kev paub txog kev yuav khoom tag nrho, ua rau cov neeg siv khoom tsawg zuj zus. Tom qab qhia cov cib ntsev thoob plaws hauv lub khw, cov av noo tau poob qis 30%, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pwm thiab cov pwm tau txo qis heev. Lub khw kuj tau pom tias qhov zaus ntawm kev ntxuav khaub ncaws txo qis, txuag tau kwv yees li 20% ntawm cov nqi kho txhua hli.

Ntxiv rau kev tswj cov dej noo thiab plua plav, cov cib ntsev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov dej noo sib xws. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej noo tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khaub ncaws, ua rau cov ntaub nthuav dav thiab cog lus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ncab, ntsws, lossis txawm tias puas tsuaj mus tas li. Los ntawm kev tswj cov dej noo, cov cib ntsev pab tswj cov ntaub elasticity thiab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem xws li shrinkage lossis ncab uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim cov dej noo hloov pauv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov khaub ncaws zoo tshaj plaws ua los ntawm cov ntaub mos mos, uas xav tau ib puag ncig ruaj khov kom tswj tau lawv cov duab thiab zoo.

Piv txwv li, cov khaub ncaws tawv nqaij rhiab heev rau qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov av noo. Thaum muaj av noo ntau, tawv nqaij tuaj yeem mos thiab poob nws qhov tawv, thaum nyob rau hauv av noo tsawg, nws tuaj yeem qhuav thiab tawg. Cov cib ntsev tuaj yeem pab tswj kom muaj av noo zoo tshaj plaws, ua kom cov khoom tawv nqaij khaws lawv cov qauv thiab ruaj khov. Los ntawm kev ua kom cov khoom lag luam khaub ncaws tseem nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov cib ntsev pab cov khw muag khoom khaws lawv cov khoom muag npaj txhij rau kev muag khoom txhua lub sijhawm, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muag khoom tsis txaus thiab kev poob muag.

Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom xws li xov tooj ntse, laptops, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov dej noo thiab hmoov av. Txawm tias me ntsis dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom sab hauv xeb, ua rau lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab ua rau puas tsuaj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev kho lossis hloov pauv kim heev, nrog rau cov neeg siv khoom tsis txaus siab uas yuav tsis kam yuav khoom ntawm lub khw dua.

Cov dej noo tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov qhov me me, xws li cov qhov them fais fab, lub qhov ntsaws lub mloog pob ntseg, thiab cov xov hlau. Thaum nkag mus rau hauv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hlau oxidation, ua rau cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab thaum kawg ua tsis tiav. Lub sijhawm no, hmoov av tuaj yeem txhaws cov qhov thiab cov qhov cua, thaiv cov cua thiab ua rau cov khoom siv kub dhau. Kev kub dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txo lawv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab ua rau puas tsuaj mus tas li. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, cov hmoov av sib sau ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv circuits, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm kiag li.

Cov hmoov av me me, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 10 micrometers (PM10), tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab poob rau ntawm cov khoom rhiab heev xws li cov laug cam thiab cov kiv cua. Qhov muaj hmoov av kuj tseem tuaj yeem nyiam cov dej noo, ua rau qhov teeb meem xeb hnyav dua.

Cov cib ntsev uas muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv zoo. Lawv nqus cov dej noo ntau dhau los ntawm huab cua ib puag ncig, tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig qhuav thiab tiv thaiv uas tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov dej noo. Los ntawm kev tswj kom muaj qib dej noo tsawg, cov cib ntsev pab tiv thaiv kev xeb ntawm cov khoom sab hauv, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv tau ntev thiab ntseeg tau. Ntxiv mus, cov cib no ntes cov hmoov av, tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv lossis poob rau ntawm cov khoom sab hauv. Qhov no pab kom cov khoom siv huv thiab tsis muaj cov khib nyiab, tswj lawv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab ua kom lawv lub neej ntev dua.

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cib ntsev hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog lwm yam kev tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, kev muab cov khoom siv tso rau hauv cov thawv tso saib kaw nrog rau cov cib ntsev tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig tswj tau zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov hnab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob rau kev khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cib ntsev uas txo cov hmoov av.

Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, xav txog ib lub khw muag khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nroog uas muaj neeg coob coob. Lub khw feem ntau tau txais cov khoom xa rov qab vim yog cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm uas ua rau muaj dej noo thiab plua plav sib sau ua ke. Tom qab teeb tsa cov cib ntsev ze ntawm cov thawv tso saib thiab hauv cov chaw khaws khoom, tus lej ntawm cov khoom xa rov qab uas cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig tau txo qis 40%. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txuag tau lub khw ntau ntawm cov nqi kho thiab hloov pauv xwb tab sis kuj txhim kho kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab lub koob npe nrov. Los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm dej noo thiab plua plav, cov cib ntsev pab cov khw muag khoom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xa rov qab thiab kho cov khoom, txuag lawv cov nyiaj thiab txhim kho kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

Yuav kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, cov cib ntsev tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntau qhov chaw hauv cov khw muag khoom. Piv txwv li, muab tso ze ntawm cov txee khaub ncaws, sab hauv lossis ib puag ncig cov thawv tso saib hluav taws xob, lossis hauv cov ces kaum uas cov dej noo thiab hmoov av feem ntau sib sau ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov cib ntsev raug muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw muaj cua zoo kom muaj cua ncig tau zoo tshaj plaws, vim qhov no yuav ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm nqus dej noo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav zoo rau kev tig cov cib ntsev tsis tu ncua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev faib tawm ntawm kev nqus dej noo thiab kev ntes hmoov av. Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov cib ntsev yog lawv qhov xwm txheej tsis pom kev. Lawv yog cov neeg zais cia thiab tsis siv ntau qhov chaw, ua rau lawv yooj yim los koom ua ke rau hauv cov qauv khw muag khoom yam tsis cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom lossis cov khoom muag. Lawv cov xim tsis muaj xim thiab kev tsim qauv yooj yim kuj ua rau lawv zoo nkauj, ua rau lawv sib xyaw ua ke nrog lub khw kho kom zoo nkauj.

Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov cib ntsev yog lawv qhov kev xav tau tsawg. Tsis zoo li cov tshuab nqus dej hluav taws xob lossis cov tshuab lim cua, cov cib ntsev tsis xav tau hluav taws xob lossis cov lim dej kom ua haujlwm. Lawv yog cov kev daws teeb meem ntuj thiab ruaj khov uas tsuas yog xav tau hloov pauv tsis tu ncua thaum lawv ntub dej. Qhov no ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig rau cov khw muag khoom, vim lawv tuaj yeem txuag tau cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi ntawm kev yuav thiab hloov cov lim dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cib ntsev muaj lub neej ntev, muab kev tiv thaiv txhim khu kev qha rau cov khoom lag luam rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov no ua rau lawv yog qhov kev nqis peev tsim nyog rau cov khw muag khoom uas tab tom nrhiav kev ua kom zoo dua lawv lub khw muag khoom ib puag ncig thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov khoom muag muaj nqis.

Xaus lus, cov cib ntsev muab ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntuj, zoo, thiab pheej yig rau kev kho kom zoo dua qub rau ib puag ncig ntawm lub khw muag khoom. Los ntawm kev daws cov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm cov dej noo thiab hmoov av, lawv pab tiv thaiv cov khoom muag, tswj cov khoom zoo, thiab txhim kho kev paub txog kev yuav khoom rau cov neeg siv khoom. Lawv qhov xwm txheej tsis pom tseeb, tsis tas yuav saib xyuas ntau, thiab ua haujlwm tau ntev ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khw muag khoom uas tab tom nrhiav kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyiam ntawm lawv cov khw muag khoom. Los ntawm kev nqis peev rau hauv cov cib ntsev, cov khw muag khoom tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv cov khoom muag xwb tab sis kuj txhawb kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, nce kev muag khoom, thiab thaum kawg txhim kho lawv cov nyiaj tau los. Raws li kev lag luam muag khoom txuas ntxiv mus thiab ntsib cov teeb meem tshiab, kev siv cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab xws li cov cib ntsev yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev vam meej thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov lag luam muag khoom.