Lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous yog ib hom pob zeb siliceous feem ntau faib rau hauv cov tebchaws xws li Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Meskas, Nyiv Pooj, Denmark, Fabkis, Romania, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog pob zeb sedimentary siliceous biogenic feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov diatoms qub. Nws cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg yog SiO2, uas tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm SiO2 · nH2O, thiab nws cov khoom siv hauv av yog opal thiab nws cov variants. Cov khoom khaws cia ntawm lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous hauv Suav teb yog 320 lab tons, nrog rau kev cia cia ntawm ntau dua 2 billion tons, feem ntau nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Suav teb thiab Northeast Suav teb. Ntawm lawv, Jilin (54.8%, nrog Linjiang City hauv Jilin xeev suav rau thawj qhov chaw khaws cia pov thawj hauv Asia), Zhejiang, Yunnan, Shandong, Sichuan, thiab lwm lub xeev muaj kev faib tawm dav, tab sis cov av zoo tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaj chaw Changbai Mountain ntawm Jilin, thiab feem ntau lwm cov khoom siv hauv av yog qib 3-4 av. Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis huv siab, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab siv ncaj qha. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous ua tus nqa khoom yog SiO2. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv nquag ntawm cov tshuaj vanadium catalyst yog V2O5, cov tshuaj co catalyst yog alkali hlau sulfate, thiab tus cab kuj yog lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous uas tau ua kom huv si. Cov kev sim tau qhia tias SiO2 muaj cov nyhuv ruaj khov rau cov khoom siv nquag thiab nce nrog rau kev nce ntawm K2O lossis Na2O cov ntsiab lus. Cov haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj catalyst kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tawg thiab cov qauv ntawm cov cab kuj. Tom qab kev kho acid ntawm lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous, cov ntsiab lus ntawm oxide impurities txo qis, cov ntsiab lus ntawm SiO2 nce, thiab thaj chaw tshwj xeeb thiab qhov ntim ntawm qhov hws kuj nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, cov nyhuv cab kuj ntawm lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous uas tau ua kom huv si zoo dua li ntawm lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous ntuj.

Lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov silicate seem tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov algae ib leeg, feem ntau hu ua diatoms, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog aqueous amorphous SiO2. Diatoms tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv ob qho tib si dej qab zib thiab dej ntsev, nrog ntau hom. Lawv feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua "central order" diatoms thiab "feathered order" diatoms, thiab txhua qhov kev txiav txim muaj ntau "genera" uas nyuaj heev.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov av diatomaceous ntuj yog SiO2, nrog rau cov zoo muaj xim dawb thiab cov ntsiab lus SiO2 feem ntau tshaj 70%. Cov diatoms ib leeg tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, thiab xim ntawm cov av diatomaceous nyob ntawm cov av nplaum thiab cov organic. Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov av diatomaceous los ntawm ntau qhov chaw sib txawv.

Lub ntiaj teb diatomaceous, tseem hu ua diatom, yog cov pob zeb diatom uas tau tsim tom qab kev tuag ntawm ib tsob nroj uas muaj ib lub cell thiab lub sijhawm tso dej li ntawm 10000 txog 20000 xyoo. Diatoms yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob thaum ntxov tshaj plaws uas tau tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb, nyob hauv dej hiav txwv lossis dej pas dej.

Hom av diatomaceous no yog tsim los ntawm kev tso cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv dej ib leeg diatoms. Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb ntawm diatom no yog tias nws tuaj yeem nqus cov silicon dawb hauv dej los tsim nws cov pob txha. Thaum nws lub neej xaus, nws tso thiab tsim cov av diatomaceous tso rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej geological. Nws muaj qee yam khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li porosity, qis concentration, thaj chaw loj tshwj xeeb, incompressibility txheeb ze, thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov. Tom qab hloov pauv qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom nto ntawm cov av qub los ntawm procCov txheej txheem xws li kev zom, kev cais tawm, calcination, kev faib tawm huab cua, thiab kev tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv, nws tuaj yeem tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev xav tau kev lag luam xws li cov tshuaj pleev xim thiab cov xim ntxiv.